Content theories provide for a static snapshot of how people are motivated to perform certain activities. Process theories place emphasis on the actual process of motivation. These theories are typically used in a workplace context and there are several theories that examine how employees within an organization can be motivated. The process theories of motivation where the content theories focus on the question of what motivates, the process theories address more the matters relating to how the process works and sustains itself over time, such as the aspects that determine the degree of effort, the. Unlike a drive or needsbased theory, the process theories of. Different types of motivation theories meaning and. The process theories are concerned with the cognitive antecedents that go into motivation and with the way they are related to one another. Process and content theory of motivation and how they apply to the work place 2047 words 9 pages the term motivation can be described in many different formats and views, but according to dr stephen p. Pdf motivation theories have been classified into process theory and content theory in the literature. Causes of behavior are much broader and more complex. What is the difference between the content and process. Employee motivation is of crucial concern to management.
Content theories of motivation analyse the what behind motivation, and process theories focus more on the how of motivation. In essence, these theories examine how a persons needs will affect his behavior in order to achieve a goal related to those needs. Here in this study we try to focus on the theoretical aspects of motivation from early era and also from contemporary era. We have appreciated earlier the importance of motivation in determining human behaviour. This article aims to operationalyze certain theories of motivation applicable in the public policies such as the theory of the hierarchy of needs, theory of the two factors, through a quantitative study in the city halls of the towns that are county seats iasi, vaslui, bacau, focsani, galati, suceava, piatra neamt, botosani. Whereas the content theories concentrate on the question of what motivates, the process theories address more the issues relating to how the process works and sustains itself over time, such as factors that determine the degree of effort, the continuation of effort, the modification of effort, etc. The distinction between content and process theories. Quit chapter start contents video chapter end web site.
Abraham maslow first postulated that motivation of. There are several theories of motivation that are developed to explain the concept of motivation. Theories of motivation and their application in organizations. Motivation is a term used to describe those processes both institictive and rational, by which people seek to satisfy their basic drives, perceived needs and personal goals which. Merriamwebster online dictionary says that motivation is the act or process of motivating, the condition of being motivated, a motivating for a stimulus or influence, incentive, drive. Some of the most important theories of motivation are as follows. Cognitive theories of motivation the expectancy theory explains about how and why an individual makes a certain decision of picking the best behavioral option from many. Needbased theories of motivation linkedin slideshare.
Process and content theory of motivation and how they apply to the work place 2047 words 9 pages. It is the energy that pushes us to work hard to accomplish the goals, even if. Goal internalization theories an individual adopts an attitude or behavior because it is. Not one process fits all individuals, and leaders and administrators in the public sector should look to use content theories as a way of identifying what makes individuals tick, and subsequently look to process theories as a way of beginning a way to motivate them. Individuals analyze their environment, develop reactions and feelings, and react in certain ways. Therefore, the managers should understand the process of motivation.
Brief motivation is the basic psychological process. The main difference between content and process theories is that content theory focuses on individual needs, while process theory focuses on behavior. Motivation theories numerous theories have been proposed to explain the nature of motivation at work, but no generally acceptable theory has arisen langford 1995. As such, motivation has both an objective aspect a goal or thing you aspire to and an internal or subjective aspect it is you that wants the thing or wants it to go away at minimum, motivation requires the biological substrate for physical sensations of pleasure and pain. Motivation is a process that starts with a physiological or psychological need that activates a behavior or a drive that is aimed at a goal.
I conceive this lack of sound facts to be due primarily to the absence of a valid theory of motivation. Motivation is the experience of desire or aversion you want something, or want to avoid or escape something. Earlier, it was discussed that theories of motivation, dealing with content, seek to find what it is that. Many people equate the causes of behavior with motivation. Process theories of motivation how personal needs drive. The first of its kind to be applied to the workforce was maslows hierarchy of needs, which is a theory still included in todays management textbooks. Values are incentives or reasons for engaging in an activity. A theory of human motivation 4 it is far easier to perceive and to criticize the aspects in motivation theory than to remedy them. Motivation is a process that starts with a physiological or psychological need that. Shamimul islam abstract as we know motivation is a mechanism which ultimately influences people to act in a desired way. The term motivation can be described in many different formats and views, but according to dr stephen p. The works of skinner are cited most often in connection with the reinforcement theory.
Content and process theories of motivation pdf free download. Process and content theory of motivation and how they. These theories are predominantly drawn from the industrial organizational psychology. Motivation content theories include those factors which motivate individuals, and analyzing the behavior. Look at it this way, you set a goal for yourself to lose 20 pounds before this summer.
According to this theory motivation of any individual depends on the desired goal and strength of his expectation of achieving. Maslows hierarchy of needs, alderfers erg theory, herzbergs motivator hygiene theory, and mcclellands learned. Process theories of motivation linkedin slideshare. In all enterprises whether private or state owned, motivation plays a key role in driving employees towards achieving their goals, organizational goals and to a certain extent the dreams of their nations. Relevance of theories of motivation in retail business. Whats the best motivational theory gametize academy. Process perspective means that it approaches to motivation that focus on why people choose certain behavioral options to fulfill their needs and how they evaluate their satisfaction after they have attained these goals. Simply stated, employees have needs, and process theories seek to.
The process theories of motivation whereas the content theories concentrate on the question of what motivates, the process theories address more the issues relating to how the process works and sustains itself over time, such as factors that determine the degree of effort, the continuation of effort, the modification of effort, etc. We can also have process theories, which are concerned with the thought processes that influence our behaviour. Process theory of motivation pdf motivate people, including the fear of losing a job, financial incentives, self. Motivation process in management and organisational behaviour. Content and process theories of motivation free essay example. However, the search for a generalised theory of motivation at work appears a vain quest. These theories are all, at least, partially true, and all help to explain the behavior of certain people at certain times. None would deny that it is the most important process in the more micro approach toorganizationalbehavior. Theories of motivation an attempt is made in this chapter to bring a theoretical base for motivation. Process theories are concerned with the thought processes that influence behaviour.
The factors affecting motivation vary over time and according to circumstances, in addition, the subject draws on a wide range of diverse psychological and sociological bases. The cognitive theories of motivation business study notes. Process theories of motivation organizational behavior. Conceptually speaking, motivational theories fall into two broad categories. The way to see if you can attain your goal is by setting a date and the things you do to. Process theories of motivation ucf stars university of.
Motivational theories a critical analysis mohammad faizul haque mohammad aminul haque md. Chapter 5 contemporary theories of motivation integrating. Although there are many theories of motivation, there are only a few that i feel. On the other side, the goalsetting theory offers the importance of creating goals and how goals, make a person to be motivated and satisfied enough. Motivation process theories explore process of motivation. In contrast to the needbased theories we have covered so far, processbased theories view motivation as a rational process. Robbins, this is the process that account for an individuals intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal s. Maslows need hierarchy theory, three factor theory of mccelland, two factor theory of herzberg and erg theory of alderfer are the most famous content theories. There are many competing theories, which attempt to explain the nature of motivation. Pdf comparison of process theories to content theories in. The psychological and behavioral processes that motivate a person to act in a particular way are referred to as process theories of motivation.
Content and process theories of motivation are introduced. Unlike the other theories of motivation that we have discussed on this site, process theories of motivation are to do with motivation that is rational and cognitive rather than emotional. Motivation varies over time and depending up on the circumstances. The motivation is a drive that forces an individual to work in a certain way. The theories given by vroom, porter and lawler, equity theory and attribution theory fall in this category. Process theories of motivation written by marla rosen thursday, 05 may 2011 10. Since the great depression there have been many studies, hypotheses and theories on the subject of human motivation. In simple practical terms, these theories show the change leader that you have to appeal to peoples heads as well as their hearts. Mostly this is because of the very serious lack of sound data in this area. Process theories emphasise on the real process of motivation.